Improving communication and training as well as fostering trust between the company and its workers are some of the areas where Norfolk Southern could do better, according to a Wednesday report from the Federal Railroad Administration assessing the eastern U.S. Class I railroad’s safety culture.
FRA’s report comes on the heels of an unrelated announcement Wednesday from the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration describing a settlement among OSHA, NS and the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way – Employes Division (BMWED) over alleged safety violations that occurred at the site where an NS train derailed on Feb. 3 in East Palestine, Ohio. Several days following the derailment, NS and state and local officials had decided to vent a tank car carrying vinyl chloride over concern that the car was in danger of exploding.
On Friday, NS said it would be providing $500,000 as part of a grant to foster economic development in East Palestine. This would be on top of other significant funding to support the community.
FRA cites 4 areas where NS could improve its safety culture
Although NS (NYSE: NSC) has taken steps to beef up its safety practices, there are four general areas where it needs to improve, FRA said.
“Based on its assessment of NS’ safety culture and operational safety, FRA found the overall safety culture maturity at NS to be in the involving level, although individual NS safety culture elements may be leading or lagging in maturity,” FRA said in the report. “This middle level of safety culture maturity reflects both the positive changes and renewed commitment shown by NS’ leadership to improve safety as well as the areas where NS continues to operate in a manner that is reactive and focused on compliance with minimum safety requirements of federal regulations and industry standards.”
One area is ensuring that communication is open and effective, according to FRA. Effective communication includes eliminating gaps and delays in the way NS responds to wayside detector alerts and alarms, as well as developing ways to improve the flow of information through the company.
Another area for improvement involves fostering mutual trust between the company and NS employees via measures such as developing ways to ensure prompt and public responses to safety concerns and engaging with employees about how to improve trust and morale.
A third area is to ensure that training and resources support company safety efforts. This includes providing training to front-line supervisors so that they can have leadership skills and feel “empowered to do their jobs.”
And the fourth area is to develop a safety culture that is less reactive and more proactive and less focused on complying with the minimum in safety standards. This includes potentially implementing risk reduction and fatigue management programs.
NS said in a statement that it welcomed FRA’s report. NS President and CEO Alan Shaw as well as other company leaders met with FRA Administrator Amit Bose on Tuesday to review the findings, according to the company.
“We are a safe railroad driven to become even safer. To learn, we have to listen. It’s important to understand where the FRA believes we can do better, and we appreciate that they identified positive areas where we are already making progress,” Shaw said in a Wednesday release. “We want feedback from our regulators, from the unions that represent our craft colleagues, and from outside our industry like the consultants we’ve hired with deep safety experience from Atkins Nuclear Secured.”
Shaw added that the railroad had sent the report to Atkins Nuclear Secured and will continue working on NS’ six-point safety plan. NS had announced in May that Atkins would be conducting an independent review of NS’ safety culture.
FRA said in the report that it “is committed to assisting NS in reaching its goals to improve safety for the benefit of its operations, employees, and the communities where it operates,” and that the agency will follow up on its recommendations.
The agency conducted the assessment of safety at NS from March 15 to May 15.
Said Greg Regan, president of the union Transportation Trades Department of the AFL-CIO: “We welcome today’s report from the FRA that examines the root causes of safety culture failures at Norfolk Southern, echoing years of concerns from rail workers and unions across the industry. We look forward to working with our federal partners in Congress and the Biden Administration to address these issues and implement strong rail safety reforms.”
FRA’s investigation of NS’ safety culture was in response to the Feb. 3 derailment of a Norfolk Southern train in East Palestine, Ohio. FRA since broadened its examination, with FRA Administrator Amit Bose saying in June that his agency would be conducting an audit of the safety cultures of all the Class I railroads as well producing a report looking at safety themes and trends with the industry at-large.
OSHA, NS and BMWED reach settlement over alleged safety violations
Also on Wednesday, OSHA said it, NS and BMWED had reached a settlement agreement in which NS has agreed to address several safety issues related to the train derailment, which consisted of a 49 rail car pileup, including 11 tank cars with hazardous chemicals. The chemicals ignited and the pileup burned for several days.
NS agreed to the following:
- “Implement a medical surveillance program for all affected employees who worked at the derailment site.
- “Provide union employees with 40 hours of Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response training for future derailments.
- “Create a training program on lessons learned from the Ohio derailment.
- “Pay penalties assessed by OSHA for four safety and health violations.”
“This agreement will improve the safety and health controls in place for Norfolk Southern employees who responded and help educate the rail operator’s employees on the lessons learned so they are prepared should another emergency occur,” OSHA Area Office Director Howard Eberts said in a release. “We are pleased by the collaborative safety and health efforts of Norfolk Southern Corp., Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employees Division and contractors from the clean-up site who have been working together on this site remediation.”
Penalties assessed by OSHA totaled $49,111. The penalties to NS pertain to four violations that OSHA found. The violations are related primarily to work that occurred on Feb. 4 when crews constructed track panels and laid them out on the south tracks, west of the spill location, according to OSHA. The agency added that NS addressed the hazards immediately. But as a result, OSHA issued the following citations:
- “Not developing an emergency response plan that included clear lines of authority, communication and training, site security, adequate site control and decontamination areas.
- “Failing to require workers to wear chemical resistant footwear when walking on contaminated soil.
- “Allowing employees without respiratory protection to pour cement on potentially contaminated soil.
- Not training workers about hazardous chemicals.”
OSHA had conducted additional inspections on other groups in response to the Feb. 3 derailment. The agency inspected CTEH, an environmental consulting firm, and two companies involved in the cleanup: Specialized Professional Services of Washington, Pennsylvania, and Hepaco Inc. of Charlotte, Norh Carolina. OSHA did not give citations to CTEH or Hepaco, but it cited Specialized Professional Services for inadequate control of the site and decontamination areas, which OSHA says the company immediate corrected.
OSHA also opened an inspection because of reports that employees with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had fallen ill after visiting area homes on March 6. The agency did not issue any citations from that inspection.
“The health and safety of our employees is paramount, and we have worked closely with OSHA and BMWED throughout the investigation. Partnering with our craft colleagues is extremely important to us,” NS said in a statement. “We’ve reached a resolution that provides more training for our people, exceeding OSHA requirements, and makes our responses even safer. We’ve been clear in our goal to become the gold standard for safety in our industry, and this outcome furthers that mission.”
Besides looking into potential violations of safety hazards, OSHA’s involvment in the federal response to the Feb. 3 NS train derailment has included joining the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to oversee site cleanup. OSHA also worked with the Department of Transportation and the Federal Railroad Administration in a non-enforcement role since Feb. 20, 2023, the agency said.
Subscribe to FreightWaves’ e-newsletters and get the latest insights on freight right in your inbox.
Click here for more FreightWaves articles by Joanna Marsh.